Oakland Mun. Code Chapter 8.22 § 8.22.070

This Section applies to all rent adjustments for continuously occupied covered units. (Rent increases following vacancies of covered units are governed by Section 8.22.080 ). Any rent increase for a continuously occupied covered unit must comply with this Section. A.
One Rent Increase Each 12 Months; Exceptions and Limitations.
1. One (1) Rent Increase Each Twelve (12) Months.
a. Except as provided in Paragraph b below, an Owner may increase the rent on a covered unit occupied continuously by the same tenant only once in a twelve-month period. If an Owner filed an Owner's Rent Increase petition, the earliest any increase allowed in the Hearing Officer's decision may be effective is the date that a rent increase notice consistent with this Chapter and state law is served on the Tenant after the service date of the decision. Such rent increase cannot take effect earlier than the tenant's anniversary date if the Owner has already increased that tenant's rent within the preceding twelve-month period.
b. Upon the occurrence of any of the following, an Owner may increase the Rent on a Covered Unit occupied continuously by the same Tenant, even if rent has already been raised during the preceding twelve (12) months:
i. If the Owner restores housing services, rent may be restored to the original Rent from the level to which rent had been decreased after a rent decrease awarded in a hearing decision by the RAP for housing services; and/or
ii. If, as a result of an appeal to the Rent Board or a writ to the Superior Court, the final decision permits a Rent increase greater than that allowed in the Hearing Officer's decision, the Owner may notice such increase as of the date of the final decision.
2. In no event may rent for any covered unit increase in any twelve-month period by more than ten percent (10%), or the amount permitted for Oakland rental units subject to California Civil Code 1947.12 (or successor provisions), whichever is lower, for any and all rent increases based on the CPI Rent Adjustment, as set out in O.M.C. 8.22.070 B. (CPI Rent Adjustment), and any justifications pursuant to O.M.C. 8.22.070 C.2. (Rent Increases In Excess of CPI Rent Adjustment) except if required for the owner to obtain a fair return pursuant to O.M.C. 8.22.070 C.1.d.
3. No series of rent increases in any five-year period can exceed thirty percent (30%) for any rent increases based on the CPI Rent Adjustment, as set out in, O.M.C. 8.22.070 B. (CPI Rent Adjustment) and any justifications pursuant to O.M.C. 8.22.070 C.2. (Rent Increases In Excess of CPI Rent Adjustment) except for the following:
a. A series of rent increases composed solely of CPI Adjustments may exceed the thirty percent (30%) limitation;
b. Exceeding the thirty percent (30%) limitation is required for the owner to obtain a fair return pursuant to O.M.C. 8.22.070C.1.d.
4. If an owner is entitled to a rent increase or increases that cannot be taken because of the Rent increase limitations pursuant to Subsections 2. or 3. above, the owner may defer the start date of the increase to a future period, provided that in the rent increase notice that limits the owner's ability to take the increases, the owner must identify the justification and the amount or percentage of the deferred increase that may be applied in the future.
B. CPI and Banking Rent Adjustments.
1. Effective Date of this Section. An owner may first impose CPI Rent Adjustments pursuant to this section that take effect on or after July 1, 2002.
2. CPI and Banking Rent Adjustment Not Subject to Petition. A Tenant may not petition to contest a rent increase justified in an amount up to and including the CPI Rent Adjustment and/or any Banking Rent increase unless the tenant alleges one or more of the following:
a. The owner failed to provide the notice required at the commencement of tenancy and did not cure such failure (Section 8.22.060 );
b. The owner failed to provide the notice required with a rent increase (Section 8.22.070 H);
c. The owner decreased housing services;
d. The covered unit has uncured health, safety, fire, or building code violations pursuant to Section 8.22.070 D.6.;
e. Any or all of a banking rent increase is not correctly calculated or the Owner is not eligible for a banking rent increase;
f. The Rent increase exceeds the limitations set out in Sections 8.22.070 A.2 or A.3;
g. The Owner has increased the rent once during the preceding twelve-month period without qualifying for an exception pursuant to Section 8.22.070.A.1.
h. The Owner did not have a current business tax certificate.
3. Calculation of the CPI Rent Adjustment. Beginning in 2002 until July 31, 2022, the CPI Rent Adjustment is the average of the percentage increase in the CPI--All items and the CPI--Less shelter for the twelve-month period starting on March 1 of each calendar year and ending on the last day of February of the following calendar year calculated to the nearest one-tenth of one percent (0.1%). Beginning on August 1, 2022, the CPI Rent Adjustment is (1) sixty percent (60%) of the percentage increase in the CPI-All items published for April of that calendar year from April of the immediately preceding calendar year calculated to the nearest one-tenth of one percent (0.1%), or (2) three percent (3%), whichever is lower.
4. Effective Date of CPI Rent Adjustments. An owner may notice a rent increase for a CPI Rent Adjustment so that the rent increase is effective during the period from August 1 following the Rent Adjustment Program's announcement of the annual CPI Rent Adjustment through July 31 of the next year. The rent increase notice must comply with state law and take effect on or after the tenant's anniversary date.
5. Banking. In accordance with rules set out below, an owner may bank CPI rent adjustments and notice a Banking Rent increase concurrent with a CPI Rent Adjustment.
a. If an owner chooses to increase rents less than the annual CPI Adjustment permitted by the ordinance, any remaining CPI Rent Adjustment may be carried over to succeeding twelve-month periods ("banked"). However, the total of CPI Adjustments imposed in any one (1) Rent Increase, including the current CPI Rent Adjustment, may not exceed three (3) times the allowable CPI Rent Adjustment on the effective date of the Rent Increase notice.
b. Banked CPI Rent Adjustments may be used together with other Rent justifications, except Increased Housing Service Costs and Fair Return, because these justifications replace the current year's CPI increase.
c. In no event may any banked CPI Rent Adjustment be implemented more than five (5) years after it accrues.
d. Any banked CPI Rent Adjustment expires upon transfer of ownership of the property in which the Covered Unit is located, unless:
(1) The transfer of ownership is through an inheritance between spouses or between parents and siblings, children or stepchildren; and
(2) The person(s) inheriting the property owned the property for at least one (1) year.
6. Schedule of Prior Annual Permissible Rent Adjustments. Former annual permissible rent adjustments available under the prior versions of this Chapter:
a. May 6, 1980 through October 31, 1983, the annual rate was ten percent (10%).
b. November 1, 1983 through September 30, 1986, the annual rate was eight percent (8%).
c. October 1, 1986 through February 28, 1995, the annual rate was six percent (6%).
d. March 1, 1995 through June 30, 2002, the annual rate was three percent (3%).
C. Rent Increases in Excess of the CPI Rent Adjustment or Banking.
1. For Rent increases based on grounds other than the CPI Rent Adjustment or Banking, an Owner must first petition the Rent Program and receive approval for the Rent increase before the Rent increase can be imposed. A Rent increase in excess of the CPI Rent Adjustment or a Banking increase must be justified on one (1) or more of the following grounds:
a. Capital improvement costs, including financing of capital improvement costs;
b. Uninsured repair costs;
c. Increased housing service costs;
d. The rent increase is necessary to meet constitutional or fair return requirements;
e. The rent increase is imposed for an additional occupant, as defined by Section 8.22.020 .
f. The unlimited rent increase is imposed because the tenant is not residing in the unit as their principal residence.
2. The amount of rent increase allowable for the grounds listed in Section 8.22.070 C.2. are subject to the limitations set forth in the regulations.
D. Rent Increase Notices and Operative Dates for Rent Increases.
1. CPI and Banking Increases not subject to a Petition. Rent increase notices for CPI and Banking Rent increases that are not the subject of a Petition shall be operative in accordance with this Chapter and State law.
2. Owner Petitions.
a. An Owner may notice a Rent increase based on a petition after the service date of the decision subject to the limitation of one Rent Increase each twelve (12) months (the effective date of the Rent increase).
b. Except for any portion of the petitioned-for Rent increase that is based on a CPI Rent or Banking Rent Increase, a Tenant is not required to pay the Rent increase until there is a final decision on the petition pursuant to Section 8.22.070 D.5 (the operative date of the Rent increase). However if the Tenant chooses not to pay the Rent increase, the Tenant owes the increased Rent starting from the effective date of the Rent increase if the final decision upholds the Hearing Officer's decision.
c. In a decision by the board or an appeals panel, the decision may (or may direct staff to) calculate the amount due and determine a repayment schedule consistent with the rent board regulations for the Tenant to pay any back Rent due or for the Tenant to receive any rent credits if the Tenant paid a Rent increase that is not upheld on appeal. However, a Hearing Officer shall calculate the amount due if there is a factual dispute regarding such amount.
d. If a final decision permits a greater Rent increase than the amount permitted in the Hearing Officer's decision, the Owner may issue another Rent increase notice up to the amount allowed in the final decision, and such additional notice is not subject to the limitation of no more than one (1) Rent increase within [a] twelve-month period.
e. If the final decision permits a smaller Rent increase than the amount permitted in the Hearing Officer's decision, the Tenant need only pay the Rent increase based on the amount of the final decision.
3. Tenant Petitions.
a. While a tenant petition is pending, a tenant must pay when due, pursuant to the rent increase notice, the amount of the rent increase that is equal to the CPI Rent Adjustment unless:
i. The tenant's petition claims decreased housing services; or
ii. The owner failed to separately state in the rent increase the amount that equals the CPI Rent Adjustment pursuant to Section 8.22.070 H.
b. The amount of any noticed rent increase above the CPI Rent Adjustment and Banking that is the subject of a petition is not operative until the decision is final.
4. When a party appeals the decision of a hearing officer, the tenant must continue to pay the amount of the rent adjustment due during the period prior to the issuance of the decision and the remaining amount of the noticed rent increase is not operative until the board has issued its written decision.
5. Final decision. The decision on a petition is final when any one (1) of the following events have occurred:
a. A hearing officer decision has been issued and the time for appeal has passed without an appeal being filed;
b. An appeal decision is issued and the time to file a writ of administrative mandamus has passed without a writ being filed; or
c. When a court issues a final decision, including any further court appeals, on any writ of administrative mandamus contesting a Rent Board appeal decision.
6. No part of any noticed rent increase is operative during the period after the tenant has filed a petition and the applicable covered unit has been cited in an inspection report by the appropriate governmental agency as containing serious health, safety, fire, or building code violations as defined by Section 17920.3 of the California Health and Safety Code, excluding any, violation caused by a disaster or where the owner proves the violation was solely caused by the willful conduct of the tenant. In order for such rent increase to be operative the owner must provide proof that the cited violation has been abated. The owner must then issue a new rent increase notice pursuant to California Civil Code Section 827. The rent increase will be operative in accordance with Section 827. However, if an Owner files a petition for a Rent increase, the Tenant must include the allegation of code violations in the response to the petition for this Subsection to be considered.
E. An owner cannot increase the rent for a covered unit except by following the procedures set out in this Chapter (including the Just Cause for Eviction Ordinance (O.M.C. Chapter 8.22 , Article II) and the Ellis Act Ordinance (O.M.C. Chapter 8.22 , Article III)) or where Costa-Hawkins allows an owner to set the initial rent for a new tenant without restriction.
F. Decreased Housing Services. A decrease in housing services is considered an increase in rent. A tenant may petition for an adjustment in rent based on a decrease in housing services under standards in the regulations. The tenant's petition must specify the housing services decreased. Where a rent or a rent increase has been reduced for decreased housing services, the rent or rent increase may be restored in accordance with procedures set out in the regulations when the housing services are reinstated.
G. Pass-through of Fee. An owner may pass-through one half of the fee to a tenant in accordance with Section 8.22.500G. The allowed fee pass-through shall not be added to the rent to calculate the CPI Rent Adjustment or any other rent adjustment and shall not be considered a rent increase.
H. Notice Required to Increase Rent or Change Other Terms of Tenancy.
1. All Rent Increase Notices. As part of any notice to increase rent or change any terms of tenancy, an owner must include:
a. Notice of the existence of this Chapter; and
b. The tenant's right to petition against any rent increase in excess of the CPI Rent Adjustment unless such rent increase is pursuant to an approved Petition.
2. Notices for Rent Increases Based on the CPI Rent Adjustment or Banking. As part of a notice to increase Rent based on the CPI Rent Adjustment or Banking, an Owner must include:
a. The amount of the CPI Rent Adjustment; and
b. The amount of any banking increases and:
c. i. If the rent increase includes banking, a copy of a current business tax certificate;
ii. If the rent increase is based solely on the CPI Rent Adjustment, a copy of a current business tax certificate or a copy of a current signed payment plan with the City for delinquent business taxes.
3. Notices for Rent Increases Based on Owner Petition. As part of a notice to increase rent based on an owner petition, an owner must include a summary of the decision in the form provided by the Rent Adjustment Program pursuant to the following:
a. The Rent Adjustment Program will provide a summary of any decision, including an appeal decision or final decision with the decision or final decision, which the Owner shall include in a notice of rent increase.
b. The Rent Adjustment Program may provide optional, "safe harbor" forms for required notices, unless the ordinance or regulations require use of a specified form.
4. A notice to increase rent must include the information required by Subsection 8.22.070H.1. using the language and in a form prescribed by the Rent Adjustment Program.
5. A rent increase is not permitted unless the notice meets the requirements of California Civil Code Section 827.
6. A rent increase is not permitted unless the notice required by this section is provided to the tenant. An owner's failure to provide the notice required by this section invalidates the rent increase or change of terms of tenancy. This remedy is not the exclusive remedy for a violation of this provision.
I. An owner may terminate the tenancy for nonpayment of rent (California Code of Civil Procedure § 1161(2) (unlawful detainer)) of a tenant who fails to pay the portion of a rent increase that is equal to the CPI Rent Adjustment when the tenant is required to do so by this subsection. In addition to any other defenses to the termination of tenancy the tenant may have, a tenant may defend such termination of tenancy on the basis that:
1. The owner did not comply with the notice requirements for a rent increase; or
2. The tenant's petition was based on decreased housing services.