HUD Handbook 4350.3 § 5-29
Calculating Tenant Contribution for Section 236 and Section 221(d)(3) (HUD Occupancy Handbook 4350.3 REV-1 CHG-4)
Operative Text
Below Market Interest Rate (BMIR)
A. Tenant’s Rent Contribution
The tenant’s contribution to rent in the Section 236 and Section 221(d)(3) BMIR
programs is based on the cost to operate the property and the income of the
family. Figure 5-7 presents the rules for determining the tenant rent in these two
programs.
1. Section 236 property. Every Section 236 property has a HUD-approved
basic rent and market rent. Basic rent is the minimum rent all Section
236 tenants must pay. It represents the cost to operate the property after
HUD has provided mortgage assistance to reduce the mortgage interest
expense. The market rent represents the amount of rent the owner would
have to charge, if the mortgage were not subsidized. Tenants pay a
percentage of their income towards rent, but never pay less than the
basic rent or more than the market rent for the property.
When a tenant pays more than basic rent, the difference between the
tenant’s rent and basic rent is called “excess income.” Excess income is
an amount that exceeds what the owner needs to operate the property
and is subject to specific requirements. Refer to HUD Handbook 4350.1,
Multifamily Asset Management and Project Servicing, and other current
HUD notices for guidance on handling excess income. Although a tenant
may pay more than basic rent, no tenant in a Section 236 property will
pay more than the market rent for the property.
Example – Calculating Excess Income
Rent for Tenant A
(30% of Tenant A’s income): $350
Basic rent -$300
Excess Income $50
2. Section 221(d)(3) BMIR property. There is no rent calculation for tenants
in a Section 221(d)(3) BMIR property. HUD approves a BMIR rent that all
of the tenants must pay. The federal assistance in the BMIR property is
provided through a below market interest rate for the mortgage loan.
Applicants must meet income eligibility standards to be admitted to a
BMIR property. After move-in, if a tenant’s annual income goes above
110% of the BMIR income limit, the tenant must pay 110% the BMIR rent.
3. BMIR cooperative. If a BMIR cooperative member’s annual income
exceeds 110% of the BMIR income limit at the time of recertification, the
cooperative must levy a surcharge to the member. See the definition of
market rent in the Glossary for an explanation of the market carrying
charge for over-income cooperative members.
B. Timeframe for Calculating Rent
Owners calculate rent at three points in time.
1. Owners must calculate rent prior to occupancy by an applicant.
2. Owners must calculate rent as part of an annual recertification. Refer to
Chapter 7, Section 1 for information on annual recertification of income.
3. Owners of Section 236 properties must calculate rent if a tenant reports a
change in income, allowances, or family composition. Refer to Chapter 7,
Section 2 for information on interim recertifications of income.
Figure 5-7: Tenant Contributions for the Section 236 and
Section 221(d)(3) BMIR
Section 236
Section 236 without Utility Section 236 with Utility Allowance
Allowance
Tenant rent is the greater of: Tenant rent is the greater of:
30% of monthly adjusted 30% of monthly adjusted
income; or income less the utility
allowance; or
Section 236 basic rent.
25% of monthly adjusted
Tenant rent may not be more than income; or
the Section 236 market rent.
Basic rent.
Tenant rent may not be more than
the Section 236 market rent.
Section 221(d)(3) BMIR
At initial certification, the tenant pays the BMIR rent.
At recertification, the tenant’s annual income is compared to the BMIR income
limits. If the tenant’s annual income is:
Less than or equal to 110% of the BMIR income limit, the tenant pays the
BMIR rent;
Greater than 110% of the BMIR income limit, the tenant pays 110% of the
BMIR rent.HUD Handbook 4350.3 REV-1 CHG-4 § 5-29 establishes how tenant rent contributions are calculated under the Section 236 and Section 221(d)(3) BMIR programs. In Section 236 properties, tenants pay a percentage of their income toward rent, but never below the HUD-approved basic rent or above the market rent, with any amount above basic rent treated as "excess income" subject to separate requirements. In Section 221(d)(3) BMIR properties, all tenants pay a fixed HUD-approved rent, though tenants whose income exceeds 110% of the BMIR income limit must pay 110% of that rent.
Plain English — not legal advice.
Under § 5-29, compliant operators of Section 236 properties maintain records of HUD-approved basic and market rents and apply the income-based rent formula at move-in, annual recertification, and whenever a tenant reports a change in income, allowances, or family composition. Operators of Section 221(d)(3) BMIR properties verify income eligibility at admission and compare tenant income against the BMIR income limit at each recertification to determine whether the standard or 110% rent applies. BMIR cooperative managers levy the required surcharge when a member's income exceeds 110% of the limit at recertification.
General guidance for property managers — not legal advice for your specific situation. Consult an attorney for advice on your case.
Section 5-29 of HUD Handbook 4350.3 REV-1 CHG-4 sets boundaries on what you can be charged: Section 236 tenants are protected from paying below basic rent or above market rent, while Section 221(d)(3) BMIR tenants pay a fixed rate unless their income surpasses 110% of the income limit. If you believe your rent has been calculated incorrectly, you may raise the issue with your property owner or contact the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development directly. Tenant-rights organizations familiar with HUD-assisted housing can also help you understand how these rules apply to your situation.
General guidance for tenants — not legal advice for your specific situation. Consult a tenant-rights organization or attorney for advice on your case.
Generated October 14, 2026 — auto-generated, not yet human-reviewed. See /transparency for methodology.
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