HUD HCV Guidebook § 2.1

Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (HUD HCV Guidebook)

HUD guidance — not codified law
In Force
Verified 11/9/2026 · Next check 11/16/2026
effective 9/25/2026FederalProtected Classes (Federal)

Operative Text

HUD HCV Guidebook § 2.1
Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VI) and HUD’s implementing regulations prohibit, on the basis of
race, color, or national origin, the exclusion from participation in, denial of the benefits of, and discrimination
under all programs and activities of recipients of Federal financial assistance, whether provided directly or
through a subrecipient.2 It applies to all HUD programs that are covered by this Guidebook as more
specifically explained in this chapter.

The discrimination prohibited by Title VI includes denying, restricting access to, or limiting participation in a
program or activity, housing, accommodations, facilities, services, financial aid, or other benefits, or providing
such benefits in a way that is different than how they are provided to others. It also includes subjecting a
person to segregation or separate treatment or restricting a person’s enjoyment of any advantage or privilege
enjoyed by others in connection with such benefits under the program or activity. It also prohibits treating a
person differently from others in determining if they satisfy any requirements or conditions, including
conditions of occupancy, admission, or eligibility. In addition, recipients may not utilize criteria or methods of
administration which have the effect of subjecting persons to discrimination, nor may they make siting
decisions with a discriminatory purpose or effect.

1 Several civil rights statutes apply to the HCV program, including the list provided in Section 1 of this Chapter. For a more
comprehensive list, including implementing regulations, PHAs should consult HUD’s Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity’s
website, currently available at https://www.hud.gov/program_offices/fair_housing_equal_opp/fair_housing_and_related_law (last
accessed Jan. 23, 2024).
2 Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. § 2000d et seq.; 24 CFR 1.2(f).

Fair Housing and Nondiscrimination Requirements                                                                               4
US Department of Housing and Urban Development                                                                        April 2025

Title VI applies to all aspects of a PHA’s operations and the administration of their programs and activities,
including but not limited to marketing, waitlist administration, tenant selection and admission, preferences3,
record-keeping, application of lease requirements, termination and meeting the needs of residents with
limited English proficiency. PHAs are encouraged to consult their local field office if questions arise.

HUD’s Title VI regulations also provide that recipients of Federal financial assistance have an affirmative
obligation to take steps to overcome the effects of discrimination based on race, color, or national origin. The
regulations also require, that even in the absence of prior discrimination, recipients must take affirmative
steps to overcome the effects of conditions which resulted in limiting participation by persons of a particular
race, color, or national origin.4 For additional types of discrimination prohibited by Title VI, see 24 CFR 1.4.
Source: Legislative text reproduced verbatim
Plain English

HUD Housing Choice Voucher Guidebook § 2.1 implements Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which bars any entity receiving federal financial assistance from discriminating on the basis of race, color, or national origin in any aspect of its programs or activities. The prohibition covers not only overt exclusion but also unequal treatment, segregation, and administrative practices that produce discriminatory effects—even without discriminatory intent. Beyond simply avoiding discrimination, covered recipients are also required to take affirmative steps to overcome conditions that have historically limited participation by people of a particular race, color, or national origin.

Written by anthropic/claude-sonnet-4.6 · Reviewed on September 26, 2026

Plain English — not legal advice.

For Property Managers

Public Housing Authorities and other recipients of HUD federal financial assistance covered by § 2.1 are generally expected to apply nondiscrimination principles across every operational function—including marketing, waitlist management, tenant selection, lease enforcement, and services for residents with limited English proficiency. Compliant operators typically review their administrative criteria and methods to ensure they do not produce discriminatory effects, even unintentionally, and document those reviews. PHAs are encouraged by § 2.1 to consult their local HUD field office when questions arise about compliance obligations.

General guidance for property managers — not legal advice for your specific situation. Consult an attorney for advice on your case.

For Tenants

Under HUD Housing Choice Voucher Guidebook § 2.1, applicants and participants in HCV and other HUD-assisted programs have the right to be free from discrimination based on race, color, or national origin at every stage of the program, from application through tenancy. If a tenant or applicant believes a PHA or other covered recipient has violated these protections—through denial, unequal treatment, or discriminatory administrative practices—general enforcement paths include filing a complaint with HUD's Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity or consulting a local tenant-rights or fair housing organization. The provision also recognizes that recipients must take affirmative steps to address historically limiting conditions, which may be relevant context when evaluating a potential complaint.

General guidance for tenants — not legal advice for your specific situation. Consult a tenant-rights organization or attorney for advice on your case.

Generated September 26, 2026 — auto-generated, not yet human-reviewed. See /transparency for methodology.

Effective Timeline

Current
Sep 25, 2026
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Related Rules

§ 5.105
§ 5.105 Other Federal requirements.
§ 8.50
§ 8.50 Assurances required.
§ 8.57
§ 8.57 Procedure for effecting compliance.

Source Information

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