HUD HCV Guidebook § 2
Metropolitan Area Fair Market Rents and Small Area FMRs (HUD HCV Guidebook)
Operative Text
The term Fair Market Rents (FMRs) refers to metropolitan area/non-metropolitan county and small area FMRs
(SAFMRs). In the HCV program, the FMR is the basis for determining the “payment standard amount,” which
is the maximum monthly subsidy payment for a voucher household.5 HUD establishes FMRs for different
geographic areas and calculates FMRs for all non-metropolitan counties and metropolitan areas.6 Generally,
the FMR for an area is the amount that would be needed to pay the gross rent (shelter rent plus utilities) of
privately owned, decent, and safe rental housing of a modest (non-luxury) nature with suitable amenities.7
Both types of FMRs are calculated annually by HUD’s Office of Policy Development and Research (PD&R) and
published in the Federal Register (FR) with an effective date of October 1st. HUD also makes them available
through the HUD User Web site.8 FMRs are established based on the 40th percentile of rents charged for
standard rental housing in the FMR area.
HUD delineates metropolitan area/non-metropolitan county FMRs and small area FMRs differently, as
described below:
• Metropolitan area/non-metropolitan county FMRs. For the purpose of delineating metropolitan
area FMRs, HUD uses the metropolitan areas established by the Office of Management and
Budget (OMB), and in some instances, subdivides OMB’s defined metropolitan areas into smaller
HUD Metropolitan Fair Market Rent Areas (HMFAs) along historical metropolitan boundaries to
preserve continuity of FMR estimates. HUD also establishes FMRs for all non-metropolitan
counties.
• Small area FMRs. HUD establishes SAFMRs at the ZIP Code level. SAFMRs are intended to result
in payment standards that align more closely with local rental costs, particularly in higher-cost
areas. HUD adopted SAFMRs via a Final Rule published on November 16, 2016, for the express
purpose of providing HCV-assisted families with access to “areas of high opportunity and lower
poverty.” Starting in FY 2025, HUD began publishing SAFMRs for non-metropolitan counties, in
addition to metropolitan areas. Along with the guidance provided in this chapter, HUD has a
4
24 CFR 982.54(d)(14)(i)
5
24 CFR 982.505(a)
6
24 CFR 888.113(d)
7
24 CFR 888.111(b). In addition, all rents subsidized under the HCV program must meet rent reasonableness
standards. Rent
reasonableness is determined by PHAs with reference to rents for comparable unassisted units.
8
https://www.huduser.gov/portal/datasets/fmr.html
dedicated webpage on SAFMRs, which can be found at:
https://www.hud.gov/program_offices/public_indian_housing/programs/hcv/safmr
Within each of these FMR areas, the applicable FMR for the HCV program is:9
• The HUD-published SAFMR;
• The HUD-published metropolitan FMR for any other metropolitan area;10 or
• The HUD-published non-metropolitan county FMR for any other non-metropolitan county.11
Please note that program regulations at 24 CFR 982.503 refer to the “applicable FMR” on numerous
occasions. It is important to understand that the “applicable FMR” will be the HUD published SAFMR for PHAs
in mandatory SAFMR areas12 or for those PHAs that have opted-in to using the SAFMR.13Section 2 of the HUD Housing Choice Voucher Guidebook defines Fair Market Rents (FMRs) as the federally established benchmarks that set the ceiling on monthly subsidy payments for voucher households. HUD calculates these figures annually at the 40th percentile of rents for standard rental housing and publishes them in the Federal Register each October 1st. Two types exist: broader metropolitan area and non-metropolitan county FMRs, and more granular Small Area FMRs (SAFMRs) set at the ZIP Code level, with SAFMRs designed to better reflect local rental costs and expand access to higher-opportunity neighborhoods.
Plain English — not legal advice.
Under HCV Guidebook § 2, the FMR for the relevant geographic area—whether a metropolitan FMR, non-metropolitan county FMR, or SAFMR—directly shapes the payment standard a Public Housing Authority (PHA) uses to calculate the maximum subsidy it will pay toward a unit. Operators participating in the HCV program generally verify which FMR type applies to their property's location, since PHAs in mandatory SAFMR areas or those that have opted into SAFMRs will use ZIP Code-level figures rather than broader area FMRs. Staying current with HUD's annual October 1st publications on the HUD User website helps owners anticipate how payment standards may shift from year to year.
General guidance for property managers — not legal advice for your specific situation. Consult an attorney for advice on your case.
HCV Guidebook § 2 establishes that the FMR is the foundation for the payment standard—the cap on how much subsidy a voucher household can receive toward rent and utilities. If you hold a Housing Choice Voucher, the applicable FMR (metropolitan, non-metropolitan county, or SAFMR depending on your area) influences how much of your rent is covered and which neighborhoods may be financially accessible to you. Tenants who believe a payment standard does not reflect local costs, or who want to understand whether their PHA uses SAFMRs, can review published FMR data on the HUD User website or reach out to a local tenant-rights organization for guidance.
General guidance for tenants — not legal advice for your specific situation. Consult a tenant-rights organization or attorney for advice on your case.
Generated September 26, 2026 — auto-generated, not yet human-reviewed. See /transparency for methodology.
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