Cal. Civ. Code § 24-34-502

Unfair housing practices prohibited - definition.

In Force
Verified 10/16/2026 · Next check 10/23/2026
effective 10/16/2026ColoradoProtected Classes (State/Local)

Operative Text

Cal. Civ. Code § 24-34-502
(1) It
is an unfair housing practice, unlawful, and prohibited:

(a) (I) 
For any person to refuse to show, sell, transfer, rent, or lease any housing;
refuse to receive and transmit any bona fide offer to buy, sell, rent, or lease
any housing; or otherwise make unavailable or deny or withhold from an
individual any housing because of disability, race, creed, color, sex, sexual
orientation, gender identity, gender expression, marital status, familial
status, veteran or military status, religion, national origin, or ancestry; to
discriminate against an individual because of disability, race, creed, color,
sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, marital status,
familial status, veteran or military status, religion, national origin, or
ancestry in the terms, conditions, or privileges pertaining to any housing or
the transfer, sale, rental, or lease of housing or in furnishing facilities or
services in connection with housing; or to cause to be made any written or oral
inquiry or record concerning the disability, race, creed, color, sex, sexual
orientation, gender identity, gender expression, marital status, familial
status, veteran or military status, religion, national origin, or ancestry of
an individual seeking to purchase, rent, or lease any housing; however, nothing
in this subsection (1)(a) requires a dwelling to be made available to an
individual whose tenancy would constitute a direct threat to the health or
safety of other individuals or whose tenancy would result in substantial
physical damage to the property of others.

(II) 
Nothing in this subsection (1)(a) prohibits a written or oral inquiry or record
concerning military or veteran status when the purpose of the inquiry or record
is to determine a person's eligibility for veteran or military housing or for a
veteran or military housing benefit.

(III) 
For the purposes of subsection (1)(a)(I) of this section:

(A) The
mere presence of an assistance animal does not constitute a direct threat to
health or safety.

(B) The
mere presence of an assistance animal is not presumed to result in substantial
physical damage to the property of others.

(C) A
housing provider may consider documented, specific conduct of an assistance
animal that poses a direct threat to the health or safety of others or causes
substantial physical damage to property.

(b) For
any person to whom application is made for financial assistance for the
acquisition, construction, rehabilitation, repair, or maintenance of any
housing to make or cause to be made any written or oral inquiry concerning the
disability, race, creed, color, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity,
gender expression, marital status, familial status, veteran or military status,
religion, national origin, or ancestry of an individual seeking financial
assistance or concerning the disability, race, creed, color, sex, sexual orientation,
gender identity, gender expression, marital status, familial status, veteran or
military status, religion, national origin, or ancestry of prospective
occupants or tenants of the housing, or to discriminate against any individual
because of the disability, race, creed, color, sex, sexual orientation, gender
identity, gender expression, marital status, familial status, veteran or
military status, religion, national origin, or ancestry of the individual or
prospective occupants or tenants in the terms, conditions, or privileges
relating to obtaining or using any such financial assistance;

(c) (I) 
For any person to include in any transfer, sale, rental, or lease of housing
any restrictive covenants, but shall not include any person who, in good faith
and in the usual course of business, delivers any document or copy of a
document regarding the transfer, sale, rental, or lease of housing which
includes any restrictive covenants which are based upon race or religion, or
reference thereto; or

(II) 
For any person to honor or exercise or attempt to honor or exercise any
restrictive covenant pertaining to housing;

(d) (I) 
For any person to make, print, or publish or cause to be made, printed, or
published any notice or advertisement relating to the sale, transfer, rental,
or lease of any housing that indicates any preference, limitation,
specification, or discrimination based on disability, race, creed, color,
religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, marital
status, familial status, veteran or military status, national origin, or
ancestry.

(II) 
This subsection (1)(d) does not apply when the purpose of the notice or
advertisement is to promote veteran or military housing or a veteran or
military housing benefit.

(e) For
any person: To aid, abet, incite, compel, or coerce the doing of any act
defined in this section as an unfair housing practice; to obstruct or prevent
any person from complying with the provisions of this part 5 or any order
issued with respect thereto; to attempt either directly or indirectly to commit
any act defined in this section to be an unfair housing practice; to
discriminate against any person because such person has opposed any practice
made an unfair housing practice by this part 5, because he has filed a charge
with the commission, or because he has testified, assisted, or participated in
any manner in an investigation, proceeding, or hearing conducted pursuant to
parts 3 and 5 of this article; or to coerce, intimidate, threaten, or interfere
with any person in the exercise or enjoyment of, or on account of his having
exercised or enjoyed, or on account of his having aided or encouraged, any
other person in the exercise of any right granted or protected by parts 3 and 5
of this article;

(f) For
any person to discharge, demote, or discriminate in matters of compensation
against any employee or agent because of said employee's or agent's obedience
to the provisions of this part 5;

(g) For
any person whose business includes residential real estate-related
transactions, which transactions involve making or purchasing loans secured by
residential real estate or providing other financial assistance for purchasing,
constructing, improving, repairing, or maintaining a dwelling or selling,
brokering, or appraising residential real property, to discriminate against an
individual in making available such a transaction or in fixing the terms or
conditions of such a transaction because of race, creed, color, religion, sex,
sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, marital status,
disability, familial status, veteran or military status, national origin, or
ancestry;

(h) For
any person to deny an individual access to or membership or participation in
any multiple-listing service, real estate brokers' organization, or other
service, organization, or facility related to the business of selling or
renting dwellings or to discriminate against the individual in the terms or
conditions of such access, membership, or participation on account of race,
creed, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender
expression, disability, marital status, familial status, veteran or military
status, national origin or ancestry, or source of income;

(i) For
any person, for profit, to induce or attempt to induce any person to sell or
rent any dwelling by representations regarding the entry or prospective entry
into the neighborhood of any individual of a particular race, color, religion,
sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, disability,
familial status, veteran or military status, creed, national origin, or
ancestry;

(j) For
any person to represent to any other person that a dwelling is not available
for inspection, sale, or rental, when the dwelling is in fact available, for
the purpose of discriminating against any individual on the basis of race,
color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression,
disability, familial status, veteran or military status, creed, national
origin, or ancestry;

(k) For
any person to violate the provisions of section 24-34-502.2;

(l) For
any person to refuse to rent or lease, to refuse to show housing for rent or
lease, to refuse to receive and transmit any bona fide offer to rent or lease,
or to otherwise make unavailable or deny or withhold from another person any
housing for rent or lease because of a person's source of income;

(m) For
any person to discriminate in the terms, conditions, or privileges pertaining
to the rental or lease of any housing, or in the furnishing of facilities or
services in connection therewith, because of a person's source of income,
including a person's receipt of public housing assistance or a person's
participation in a third-party contract required by a public housing assistance
program; except that, if the initial payment to the landlord is not made timely
in accordance with applicable regulations promulgated by the United States
department of housing and urban development due to processing delays or a
government shutdown, then a landlord may exercise any right or pursue any
remedy available under law;

(n) For
any person to make, print, or publish or cause to be made, printed, or
published any notice or advertisement relating to the rental or lease of any
housing that indicates any limitation, specification, or discrimination based
on a person's source of income;

(o) For
any person to represent to another person that any housing is not available for
rent or lease when the housing is in fact available for the purpose of
discriminating against the person on the basis of the person's source of
income;

(p) For
any person, for profit, to induce or attempt to induce another person to rent
any housing by representations regarding the entry or prospective entry into
the neighborhood of a person or persons with particular sources of income;

(q) For
any person to violate section 38-12-904 (1)(c) or (1)(d); or

(r) For
any landlord, as defined in section 38-12-1501 (1), to fail to:

(I) 
Make reasonable efforts to timely respond to requests for information and
documentation necessary for a rental assistance application process; or

(II) 
Cooperate with a tenant who is applying for rental assistance in good faith,
including by refusing to provide documents that are required by a state
government agency, a local government agency, or other administrating entity to
support the tenant's application.

(1.5)
(a) Subsections (1)(l) to (1)(p) of this section do not apply to a landlord
with three or fewer units of housing for rent or lease.

(b) 
Nothing in subsection (1) of this section precludes a landlord from checking
the credit of a prospective tenant. Checking the credit of a prospective tenant
is not an unfair housing practice under this section, provided that the
landlord checks the credit of every prospective tenant.

(c) As
used in this subsection (1.5) and in subsection (1) of this section,
"landlord" means a person who owns, manages, leases, or subleases a
unit of housing and who makes that housing available for rent or lease.

(1.7) 
Notwithstanding any provision of subsection (1) of this section to the
contrary, if a landlord owns five or fewer single family rental homes and no
more than five total rental units including any single family homes, the
landlord is not required to accept federal housing choice vouchers for any of
those five single family homes as an acceptable source of income under
subsection (1) of this section.

(1.8) 
It is not a violation of this section for a landlord to ask a residential
tenant whether the tenant receives supplemental security income, social
security disability insurance under Title II of the federal "Social
Security Act", 42 U.S.C. sec. 401 et seq., as amended, or cash assistance
through the Colorado works program created in part 7 of article 2 of title 26
for the purposes of complying with section 13-40-110 (1).

(2) The
provisions of this section shall not apply to or prohibit compliance with local
zoning ordinance provisions concerning residential restrictions on marital
status.

(3) 
Nothing contained in this part 5 shall be construed to bar any religious or
denominational institution or organization which is operated or supervised or
controlled by or is operated in connection with a religious or denominational organization
from limiting the sale, rental, or occupancy of dwellings which it owns or
operates for other than a commercial purpose to persons of the same religion,
or from giving preference to such persons, unless membership in such religion
is restricted on account of race, color, or national origin, nor shall anything
in this part 5 prohibit a private club not in fact open to the public which, as
an incident to its primary purpose or purposes provides lodgings which it owns
or operates for other than a commercial purpose, from limiting the rental or
occupancy of such lodgings to its members or from giving preference to its
members.

(4) 
(Deleted by amendment, L. 92, p. 1122, § 4, effective July 1, 1992.)

(5) 
Nothing in this section shall be construed to prevent or restrict the sale,
lease, rental, transfer, or development of housing designed or intended for the
use of persons with disabilities.

(6) 
Nothing in this part 5 prohibits a person engaged in the business of furnishing
appraisals of real property from taking into consideration factors other than
race, creed, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender
expression, marital status, familial status, veteran or military status,
disability, religion, national origin, or ancestry.

(7) (a) 
Nothing in this section shall limit the applicability of any reasonable local,
state, or federal restrictions regarding the maximum number of occupants
permitted to occupy a dwelling. Nor shall any provision in this section
regarding familial status apply with respect to housing for older persons.

(b) As
used in this subsection (7), "housing for older persons" means
housing provided under any state or federal program that the division
determines is specifically designed and operated to assist older persons, or is
intended for, and solely occupied by, persons sixty-two years of age or older,
or is intended and operated for occupancy by at least one person fifty-five
years of age or older per unit. In determining whether housing intended and
operated for occupancy by one person fifty-five years of age or older per unit
qualifies as housing for older persons under this subsection (7), the division
shall require the following:

(I) 
That the housing facility or community publish and adhere to policies and
procedures that demonstrate the intent required under this paragraph (b);

(II) 
That at least eighty percent of the occupied units be occupied by at least one
person who is fifty-five years of age or older; and

(III) 
That the housing facility or community comply with rules promulgated by the
commission for verification of occupancy. Such rules shall:

(A) 
Provide for verification by reliable surveys and affidavits; and

(B) 
Include examples of the types of policies and procedures relevant to a
determination of such compliance with the requirements of subparagraph (II) of
this paragraph (b). Such surveys and affidavits shall be admissible in
administrative and judicial proceedings for the purposes of verification of
occupancy in accordance with this section.

(c) 
Housing shall not fail to meet the requirements for housing for older persons
by reason of persons residing in such housing as of March 12, 1989, who do not
meet the age requirements of paragraph (b) of this subsection (7) if the new
occupants of such housing meet the age requirements of paragraph (b) of this
subsection (7) or, by reason of unoccupied units, if such units are reserved
for occupancy by persons who meet the age requirements of paragraph (b) of this
subsection (7).

(d) (I) 
A person shall not be held personally liable for monetary damages for a
violation of this part 5 if such person reasonably relied, in good faith, on
the application of the exemption available under this part 5 relating to
housing for older persons.

(II) 
For purposes of this paragraph (d), a person may only show good faith reliance
on the application of an exemption by showing that:

(A) 
Such person has no actual knowledge that the facility or community is not or
will not be eligible for the exemption claimed; and

(B) The
owner, operator, or other official representative of the facility or community
has stated, formally, in writing, that the facility or community complies with
the requirements of the exemption claimed.

(8) (a) 
With respect to "familial status", nothing in this part 5 shall apply
to the following:

(I) Any
single-family house sold or rented by an owner if such private individual owner
does not own more than three such single-family houses at any one time. In the
case of the sale of any such single-family house by a private individual owner
not residing in such house at the time of such sale or who was not the most
recent resident of such house prior to such sale, the exemption granted by this
subsection (8) shall apply only with respect to one such sale within any
twenty-four-month period. Such bona fide private individual owner shall not own
any interest in, nor shall there be owned or reserved on his behalf, under any
express or voluntary agreement, title to or any right to all or a portion of
the proceeds from the sale or rental of more than three such single-family
houses at any one time. The sale or rental of any such single-family house
shall be excepted from the application of this subsection (8) only if such
house is sold or rented:

(A) 
Without the use in any manner of the sales or rental facilities or the sales or
rental services of any real estate broker, agent, or salesman, or of such
facilities or services of any person in the business of selling or renting
dwellings, or of any employee or agent of any such broker, agent, salesman, or
person; and

(B) 
Without the publication, posting, or mailing, after notice, of any
advertisement or written notice in violation of this section; but nothing in
this section shall prohibit the use of attorneys, escrow agents, abstractors,
title companies, and other such professional assistance as necessary to perfect
or transfer the title.

(II) 
Rooms or units in dwellings containing living quarters occupied or intended to
be occupied by no more than four families living independently of each other,
if the owner actually maintains and occupies one of such living quarters as his
residence.

(b) For
the purposes of paragraph (a) of this subsection (8), a person shall be deemed
to be in the business of selling or renting dwellings if:

(I) He
has, within the preceding twelve months, participated as principal in three or
more transactions involving the sale or rental of any dwelling or any interest
therein;

(II) He
has, within the preceding twelve months, participated as agent, other than in
the sale of his own personal residence in providing sales or rental facilities
or sales or rental services in two or more transactions involving the sale or
rental of any dwelling or any interest therein; or

(III) 
He is the owner of any dwelling designed or intended for occupancy by, or
occupied by, five or more families.

(9) 
Repealed.

(10)
(a) Nothing in this part 5 prohibits a seller of property from considering
legitimate and nondiscriminatory factors when deciding whether to accept an
offer.

(b) 
Nothing in this part 5 prohibits adherence to requirements under 38 CFR 36 that
govern the United States department of veterans affairs benefits, including
restrictions on options on a home contract, or prohibits inquiry regarding an
individual's veteran or military status to the extent necessary to determine if
the individual is eligible for a benefit offered to veterans or members of the
military. Such adherence does not constitute a violation of this part 5.
Source: Legislative text reproduced verbatim
Plain English

Colo. Rev. Stat. § 24-34-502 establishes a broad set of prohibited housing practices in Colorado, making it unlawful to refuse to show, rent, sell, or otherwise make housing unavailable based on protected characteristics such as race, disability, sex, sexual orientation, source of income, and several others. The law also bars discriminatory advertising, restrictive covenants, blockbusting, and retaliation against anyone who exercises or supports fair-housing rights. Certain exemptions apply, including small landlords for source-of-income rules, religious organizations operating non-commercial housing, and qualifying senior housing communities.

Written by anthropic/claude-sonnet-4.6 · Reviewed on October 16, 2026

Plain English — not legal advice.

For Property Managers

Under Colo. Rev. Stat. § 24-34-502, compliant housing operators apply consistent, documented criteria when screening applicants, advertise units without language that signals preference or exclusion based on any protected class, and avoid inquiring about protected characteristics beyond what the statute expressly permits. Operators who accept housing-choice vouchers or other public assistance must treat those income sources on equal footing with private income, subject to the small-landlord and five-or-fewer-single-family-home exemptions the statute provides. Maintaining written policies, applying them uniformly, and training staff on the full list of protected classes are practices associated with compliance.

General guidance for property managers — not legal advice for your specific situation. Consult an attorney for advice on your case.

For Tenants

Colo. Rev. Stat. § 24-34-502 gives Colorado renters the right to be evaluated without regard to race, disability, source of income, sexual orientation, and other protected characteristics, and prohibits landlords from advertising, misrepresenting availability, or setting lease terms in ways that discriminate on those bases. Tenants who believe a violation has occurred may file a complaint with the Colorado Civil Rights Division, raise the violation as a defense in a housing proceeding, or contact a local tenant-rights organization for guidance on available options.

General guidance for tenants — not legal advice for your specific situation. Consult a tenant-rights organization or attorney for advice on your case.

Generated October 16, 2026 — auto-generated, not yet human-reviewed. See /transparency for methodology.

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References Out

Rules and statutes cited by this regulation

Colo. Rev. Stat. § 24-34-502.2
Not yet ingested
Colo. Rev. Stat. § 38-12-904
Not yet ingested
Colo. Rev. Stat. § 38-12-1501
Not yet ingested
Colo. Rev. Stat. § 13-40-110
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References In

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Related Rules

§ 1
Definitions
§ 3
Functions, powers and duties of commission
§ 4
Unlawful practices

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