Cal. Civ. Code § 38-12-512
Enforcement by the attorney general - district court - penalties.
Operative Text
(1) (a) In accordance with section 24-31-115 (1), the attorney general may commence a civil action in any district court of appropriate jurisdiction against any person that has committed or is engaging in a pattern or practice of violations of this part 5. (b) The attorney general may, upon timely application, intervene by right in a civil action in any county court or district court that involves a claim, defense, or counterclaim brought pursuant to this part 5. (2) In exercising the attorney general's powers to commence or intervene in a civil action pursuant to subsection (1) of this section, the attorney general may prioritize cases in which: (a) A person or group of persons has engaged in, or is engaged in a pattern or practice of, resistance to or noncompliance with this part 5; or (b) A person has violated this part 5 or has denied a person any right or protection granted by this part 5 and such violation or denial raises an issue of public importance. (3) If the attorney general intervenes in a civil action in a county court pursuant to subsection (1)(b) of this section, the attorney general may request the action be transferred to a district court of competent jurisdiction. Upon such request by the attorney general, all county court proceedings shall be discontinued, and the clerk of the county court shall certify all records in the case and transfer the action to the appropriate district court. (4) (a) When the attorney general has cause to believe that a person has engaged in or is engaging in a violation of this part 5, the attorney general may, in accordance with section 24-31-115 (8)(a), apply for and obtain a temporary restraining order or injunction, or both, that prohibits the person from continuing or engaging in the actions that violate this part 5 or from doing any act in furtherance of such action. (b) The court may make orders or judgments regarding a temporary restraining order or injunction, or both, that the attorney general applies for as authorized pursuant to section 24-31-115 (8)(a). (c) The attorney general may also accept an assurance of discontinuance of practices that violate this part 5 pursuant to section 24-31-115 (8)(b). (5) In addition to any other remedies authorized by law, the attorney general may seek the imposition of civil penalties on behalf of the state as follows: (a) A person who violates or causes another person to violate any provision of this part 5 shall forfeit and pay to the general fund a civil penalty of not more than twenty thousand dollars for each violation of this part 5. For purposes of this subsection (5)(a), a violation of any provision of this part 5 constitutes a separate violation with respect to each tenant or other consumer or transaction involved in the violation. (b) (I) A person who violates or causes another person to violate any court order or injunction issued pursuant to this part 5 or section 24-31-115 (8) shall forfeit and pay to the general fund a civil penalty of not more than ten thousand dollars for each violation of the court order or injunction. (II) Upon a violation of a court order or injunction, the attorney general may petition the court for the recovery of the civil penalty. The court shall order the civil penalty in addition to any other penalty or remedy available for the enforcement of this part 5, any court order or injunction, and any other remedy available to the attorney general. (III) For the purposes of this section, the court issuing the order or injunction shall retain jurisdiction, and the cause shall be continued.
Colo. Rev. Stat. § 38-12-512 establishes the Colorado Attorney General's authority to enforce the state's residential tenants' rights laws (Part 5) through civil litigation. The Attorney General may file or join lawsuits in district or county courts, seek temporary restraining orders and injunctions to stop ongoing violations, and pursue civil penalties of up to $20,000 per violation of Part 5 or up to $10,000 per violation of a court order or injunction. Each individual tenant, consumer, or transaction affected by a violation counts as a separate violation for penalty purposes, meaning penalties can accumulate significantly across multiple affected parties.
Plain English — not legal advice.
Under Colo. Rev. Stat. § 38-12-512, property owners and managers should be aware that the Colorado Attorney General has broad authority to investigate and act against patterns of noncompliance with Part 5 tenant protections—not just individual complaints. Compliant operators generally maintain consistent, documented practices across all units and transactions to avoid the kind of systemic conduct that triggers Attorney General intervention. Because civil penalties can reach $20,000 per violation and each affected tenant counts separately, operators typically conduct regular internal reviews of their leasing and management practices to ensure alignment with Part 5 requirements.
General guidance for property managers — not legal advice for your specific situation. Consult an attorney for advice on your case.
Colo. Rev. Stat. § 38-12-512 gives tenants an important backstop: the Colorado Attorney General can step into existing court cases involving Part 5 claims—including cases a tenant has already filed—or bring independent civil actions when a pattern of violations or a matter of public importance is at stake. Tenants who believe their rights under Part 5 have been violated may consider filing a complaint with the Attorney General's office, which can seek injunctions and substantial civil penalties on behalf of affected renters. Tenant-rights organizations in Colorado can help individuals understand whether their situation may be part of a broader pattern that could attract Attorney General involvement under this provision.
General guidance for tenants — not legal advice for your specific situation. Consult a tenant-rights organization or attorney for advice on your case.
Generated October 16, 2026 — auto-generated, not yet human-reviewed. See /transparency for methodology.
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